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The lateral meniscus is a vital, C-shaped cartilage structure located on the outer side of the knee joint. Its primary function is to act as a shock absorber and stabilizer, distributing forces evenly across the knee and protecting the articular cartilage that covers the ends of the femur and tibia. This cushioning role is crucial for smooth and pain-free movement, preventing direct bone-on-bone friction.
The 'posterior horn' refers to the critical back section of the meniscus, which is particularly prone to injury. A tear or 'fissure' in this area is a structural disruption that can significantly compromise the knee's stability. When the posterior horn is damaged, the meniscus can no longer effectively anchor itself or absorb impact, leading to a cascade of problems.
Immediately, such a tear can cause mechanical symptoms. The knee may feel unstable, giving way unexpectedly, or experience locking and catching sensations during movement. These issues arise when torn fragments of the meniscus interfere with the normal gliding and rotation of the joint surfaces. This instability not only causes discomfort but also puts undue stress on other parts of the knee.
Over the long term, the impaired function of a torn lateral meniscus, especially in its posterior horn, accelerates degenerative changes within the joint. Without the meniscus properly cushioning and stabilizing, the articular cartilage begins to wear down prematurely. This process can lead to osteoarthritis, a condition characterized by chronic pain, stiffness, and progressive joint damage, underscoring the importance of addressing meniscus injuries for lasting knee health.
